COSHH Regulation and Duties

Safety Data Sheet (SDS): What It Is, the 16 Sections and How to Read One

How to read a safety data sheet, where to get one, and how it turns into a COSHH assessment

Quick answer

A safety data sheet, often shortened to SDS, is the document the manufacturer of a chemical must provide to tell you how to use it safely. It is the single most useful source when you write a COSHH assessment, because it carries the hazard classification, the controls, and the emergency advice for that product. Under the REACH and CLP rules that apply in Great Britain, every safety data sheet follows the same 16-section structure, so once you know where to look the information is always in the same place. This article explains what a safety data sheet is, walks through the sections that matter most for hospitality, and shows how it feeds your COSHH paperwork.

A safety data sheet is the supplier document that tells you how to use a chemical safely, and suppliers must provide it free of charge.
Every sheet follows the same 16 sections in the same order under the GB REACH and CLP rules.
Sections 2, 4, 7, and 8 carry most of what you need: hazards, first aid, handling and storage, and exposure controls.

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Key takeaways

A safety data sheet is the supplier document that tells you how to use a chemical safely, and suppliers must provide it free of charge.

Every sheet follows the same 16 sections in the same order under the GB REACH and CLP rules.

Sections 2, 4, 7, and 8 carry most of what you need: hazards, first aid, handling and storage, and exposure controls.

The safety data sheet is not the COSHH assessment; it is the raw material you build the assessment from.

Keep sheets current against the supplier version and make sure staff can reach them where they use the chemical.

What a Safety Data Sheet Is and Where to Get One

A safety data sheet is a standardised document that a supplier must give you, free of charge, for any hazardous product they sell you. It is required under the REACH Regulation as retained in Great Britain, and the hazard information in it is built on the CLP classification and labelling rules. Suppliers must provide the current version, and most publish their sheets online so you can download them yourself. The sheet is not the same as the product label, which is a short summary, and it is not the same as a technical data sheet, which is about performance rather than safety. If a supplier cannot provide a safety data sheet for a hazardous product, that is a warning sign about the product and the supplier, and a reason to source something better documented.

COSHH Regulation and Duties

The COSHH duties, met and evidenced

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The 16 Sections and What They Tell You

Every safety data sheet follows the same 16 sections in the same order. Section 1 identifies the product and supplier, including an emergency contact. Section 2 gives the hazard classification, the GHS pictograms, and the hazard and precautionary statements, and it is the section that most directly drives your assessment. Section 3 lists the hazardous ingredients. Sections 4 to 6 cover first aid, firefighting, and accidental release, which feed your emergency arrangements. Sections 7 and 8 cover safe handling and storage and exposure controls, including any workplace exposure limit and the recommended protective equipment. Sections 9 to 12 give physical, stability, and toxicity data. Sections 13 to 16 cover disposal, transport, regulatory information, and other notes. For a busy operator, Sections 2, 4, 7, and 8 carry almost everything you need for day-to-day COSHH.

Turning a Safety Data Sheet Into a COSHH Assessment

The common mistake is to treat the safety data sheet as if it were the COSHH assessment. It is not. The sheet describes the chemical and its general hazards, but it knows nothing about how you use the product, who handles it, or in what quantity. Your assessment takes the hazard classification from Section 2, the handling and exposure controls from Sections 7 and 8, and the first aid and spill response from Sections 4 and 6, then applies them to your premises. The same degreaser carries one set of controls when sprayed neat on a hot canopy and another when wiped diluted on a cold surface. The safety data sheet is the raw material, and the assessment is what you build from it for your own setting.

Keeping Safety Data Sheets Current and Accessible

Safety data sheets are revised when a classification changes, so the version in your cleaning store can quietly fall out of date. Refresh your sheets periodically against the supplier version, and replace them whenever you change product or supplier. Just as important is accessibility: staff need the first aid and spill advice where they use the chemical, not in a folder in the office. Storing sheets digitally solves both problems at once, keeping every sheet at its latest version and putting it within reach on the floor. Whether on paper or digital, the test an inspector applies is simple, namely whether the sheet for a given product is current and whether the people using it could actually find it in a hurry.

Safety Data Sheet Example: A Bleach SDS Walked Through

Open the sheet for a standard kitchen bleach and Section 1 names the product, the supplier and a 24-hour emergency number. Section 2 shows two pictograms, the corrosion symbol and the dead fish and tree, with H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage), H400 (very toxic to aquatic life) and EUH031 (contact with acids liberates toxic gas). Section 3 tells you it is sodium hypochlorite at around five per cent. Section 4 says rinse eyes for fifteen minutes and seek medical advice, wash skin, and do not induce vomiting. Section 6 says absorb spills with inert material and keep it out of drains where you can. Section 7 says store upright, closed, away from acids and out of sunlight. Section 8 lists nitrile gloves and eye protection and notes there is no workplace exposure limit for the product but there is one for chlorine gas, which is why the acid warning matters. Section 13 covers disposal. Everything you need for the COSHH assessment form is in those seven sections, and the free template on this site has that bleach assessment already filled in as one of its nine examples.

What to do next

Collect a current safety data sheet for every product

Download them from supplier websites or request them directly, and check each one is the latest version.

Read Sections 2, 7, and 8 first

These give the hazard classification, safe handling and storage, and the exposure controls and protective equipment you need for the assessment.

Make the sheets reachable on the floor

Keep first aid and spill advice where chemicals are used, not only in the office, so staff can act quickly in an incident.

Common mistakes to avoid

Mistake

Using the safety data sheet as the COSHH assessment

Instead

The sheet covers the chemical in general, not your use of it. Build a separate assessment that applies its information to your premises and people.

Mistake

Holding safety data sheets that are out of date

Instead

Suppliers revise sheets when classifications change. Refresh them periodically and whenever you change product or supplier so your assessment rests on current data.

Frequently asked questions

How many sections are in a safety data sheet?

Sixteen. Under the REACH and CLP rules that apply in Great Britain, every safety data sheet follows the same 16-section structure in the same order, so the information you need is always in a predictable place.

Where do I get safety data sheets for my cleaning chemicals?

From the supplier or manufacturer. They must provide a safety data sheet free of charge for any hazardous product they sell you, and most publish their sheets online for download.

Is a safety data sheet the same as a COSHH assessment?

No. The safety data sheet describes the chemical and its general hazards. The COSHH assessment applies that information to how you use the product, who is exposed, and the controls you put in place.

Which sections of a safety data sheet matter most?

For everyday hospitality use, Section 2 for hazards, Sections 4 and 6 for first aid and spills, and Sections 7 and 8 for handling, storage, and exposure controls carry almost everything you need.

COSHH Regulation and Duties