HACCP by Business Type

HACCP Plan for a Cafe or Coffee Shop

HACCP Requirements for Cafes and Coffee Shops

Cafes and coffee shops often assume their food safety risks are minimal because they are not "cooking" in the traditional sense. This is a dangerous assumption. Sandwiches, salads, cakes, and toasted items all carry specific biological and chemical hazards. Under UK law, every food business - regardless of size - must have documented food safety procedures based on HACCP principles. For most cafes, the FSA's Safer Food Better Business (SFBB) pack provides an appropriate framework, but understanding the underlying HACCP principles helps you go beyond tick-box compliance and genuinely protect your customers.

Key takeaways

Cafes have genuine food safety risks - do not assume a simple menu means minimal hazards.

Display cabinet temperature is the most common CCP failure in cafes, often running above 8C when overstocked.

PPDS labelling (Natasha's Law) applies to most pre-made sandwiches, wraps, and boxed items in cafes.

Milk handling practices, especially steamed milk reuse, must be documented and controlled.

Key CCPs for Cafe and Coffee Shop Operations

The typical cafe has fewer CCPs than a full-service restaurant, but they are no less important. Chilled storage is the primary CCP: sandwich fillings, dairy products, cream cakes, and salad items must be stored below 8C (target 5C or below). Display cabinets are a frequent failure point - EHOs regularly find serve-over counters running at 10-12C because they are overstocked or the doors are left open. Your HACCP plan should specify the critical limit for display temperature, the monitoring frequency (at least twice daily, ideally with a continuous data logger), and the corrective action if temperature exceeds 8C. For cafes that toast or heat food, cooking temperature is a CCP: toasted sandwiches with ham or chicken fillings should reach 75C at the core. Allergen management is critical in cafes because many products are prepared in close proximity, cross-contact between nut-containing cakes and nut-free items is a genuine risk, and customers often assume "it is just a coffee shop" and do not think to ask about allergens.

Milk Handling and Dairy Controls

Coffee shops handle large volumes of milk daily, and improper milk handling is a common food safety issue. UHT milk is shelf-stable until opened, but once opened it must be refrigerated and used within the timeframe specified by the manufacturer. Fresh milk must remain below 8C at all times. Milk jugs used for steaming should not be topped up repeatedly - once milk has been heated above 40C, it enters the danger zone and should not be returned to the fridge for reuse. Barista practices matter: milk that has been steamed and left sitting should be discarded after the drink is made, not poured back into the jug. For alternative milks (oat, soy, almond, coconut), allergen segregation is essential. Each is a potential allergen: soy is one of the 14 declarable allergens, and tree nuts cover almond and coconut in some classifications. Label jugs clearly, train baristas to use separate steam wands or clean between different milk types, and document these controls in your HACCP plan.

Prepacked for Direct Sale (PPDS) and Display Controls

Since October 2021, any food that is prepacked for direct sale - including sandwiches made on site and wrapped, boxed salads, and pre-portioned cakes - must carry a label listing all ingredients with the 14 declarable allergens emphasised. This is Natasha's Law, and it applies to most cafe-made products that are packaged before a customer selects them. Your HACCP plan should include controls for PPDS labelling: who is responsible for creating labels, how accuracy is verified when recipes change, and what happens if a labelling error is discovered (recall procedure). Display cabinet management is the other key control. Food displayed at ambient temperature (cakes, pastries, bread) should have documented time limits. The FSA guidance permits hot food to be displayed below 63C for a single period of up to 2 hours, after which it must be discarded. Cold food can be displayed above 8C for up to 4 hours. Document these time limits in your HACCP plan and train staff to apply them consistently.

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What to do next

Check display cabinet temperatures twice daily

Record the temperature of every chilled display unit at opening and midday. If any reading is above 8C, investigate immediately and do not display food until the unit is below temperature.

Audit your PPDS labelling process

Review every prepacked item you sell against its label. Confirm ingredient lists are accurate and allergens are emphasised in bold. Update labels whenever recipes change.

Common mistakes to avoid

Mistake

Reusing steamed milk or topping up milk jugs without refrigerating

Instead

Once milk has been heated above 40C, it should not be returned to the fridge or mixed with fresh milk. Discard unused steamed milk after each drink is made.

Mistake

No time limits for ambient food display

Instead

Cold food displayed above 8C must be discarded after 4 hours. Hot food below 63C must be discarded after 2 hours. Document these limits and label items with their display start time.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need a full HACCP plan for a small coffee shop?

You need a documented food safety management system based on HACCP principles. For most small cafes, the SFBB pack is sufficient and is fully accepted by local authorities. If your operation is more complex (e.g. you do significant food preparation, baking, or catering), a more detailed HACCP plan may be appropriate.

Is a coffee machine a food safety risk?

Yes. Coffee machines harbour biofilm in water lines and milk residues in steam wands. Daily cleaning of steam wands, regular descaling, and backflushing espresso machines are prerequisite programmes that should be in your cleaning schedule. Mould growth in drip trays is a common EHO observation.

How do I manage allergens when making sandwiches in a small space?

Use scheduled separation (prepare allergen-free items first, then clean down before making items with common allergens), clearly label all containers, and train all staff on the 14 declarable allergens. If you cannot guarantee no cross-contact, you must declare this to customers.

HACCP by Business Type